Open data · minerals · oil & gas · green transition

The open-data hub on strategic minerals, oil and gas and the green transition

mineral.watch is an independent open data and intelligence portal. It cross-references verified official statistics on the mineral, oil and gas, and clean-energy supply chains behind batteries, grids, chips, fuel and defence — who produces, who refines, who ships, and who depends on whom.

The minerals

One deep-dive per mineral

Each mineral gets its own data dashboard: production, reserves, trade flows, prices and supply-chain concentration. Graphite, rare earths, copper, uranium, lithium, manganese, cobalt, antimony, nickel and tin are all live; tungsten and the chip metals gallium and germanium are next.

Live C

Graphite

The single largest material in a lithium-ion battery. Mining, spherical processing and anode production, mapped and charted.

Live Li

Lithium

The irreplaceable ion of the battery age: hard-rock and brine supply, China's conversion chokepoint and the boom-bust-boom price cycle — mapped and charted.

Live Co

Cobalt

The battery age's most concentrated bet: the DRC's mines and export quotas, China's refining grip and the race to design it out — mapped and charted.

Live Ni

Nickel

The stainless-age metal Indonesia cornered: two-thirds of mine supply, the class-1/class-2 divide, a broken benchmark and the quota machine — mapped and charted.

Live REE

Rare earths

Seventeen elements, one dominant refiner. Magnets, export controls and the race to diversify — mapped and charted.

Live Cu

Copper

The metal of electrification: grids, EVs, AI data centres, the smelting chokepoint and a looming supply gap — mapped and charted.

Live Mn

Manganese

The steel hardener turned battery metal: African and Australian mines, China's ~95% refining grip and the deep-sea nodule race — mapped and charted.

Live U

Uranium

The nuclear revival's fuel: mined on five continents, enriched by four companies — nearly half of it in Russia — mapped and charted.

Live Sb

Antimony

The small metal with outsized leverage: export bans, a fivefold price spike and a defence supply chain scrambling for sources — mapped and charted.

Live Sn

Tin

The solder in every circuit board: Myanmar's Wa State restart, Congo's Bisie under M23 pressure, Indonesia's crackdown and the 2026 price records — mapped and charted.

Coming soon W

Tungsten

Armour, penetrators and every carbide cutting tool: China's grip on mine supply and conversion, the February 2025 export controls and record prices.

Coming soon Ga·Ge

Gallium & germanium

The chip metals China banned outright: byproducts of alumina and zinc that no price signal can conjure, behind radar, night vision, fibre optics and AI power electronics.

Beyond minerals

The same approach, applied to energy

Two cross-cutting dashboards take the mineral.watch method — open data, maps, chokepoints, money and the companies that move it — to the markets the minerals feed: the oil and gas system that still runs the world, and the clean-energy machines being built to replace it.

Now live

Oil & Gas Watch: who controls the flow?

The same open-data approach, applied to the biggest commodity markets on Earth: the 2026 Strait of Hormuz closure and the Gulf shut-in ledger, pipeline bypasses, the LNG shock, sanctions and the shadow fleet, OPEC+, prices and the companies that move energy — built for energy businesses, geopolitics researchers and think tanks, on EIA, IEA, OPEC, Energy Institute and BGS data.

Open the oil & gas dashboard →
Now live

Green Watch: who builds the machines of net zero — and who pays?

The clean-energy supply chain, mapped the same way: solar, battery, wind and electrolyser factories, EU-funded flagships and stalled gigafactories, deployment and investment charts, China's manufacturing grip, the minerals the machines eat — and a fund-by-fund guide to Europe's green money, from the Innovation Fund to the recovery facility.

Open the green transition dashboard →
Interactive map

Where it's mined vs where it's refined

For most strategic minerals, the supply-chain risk isn't at the mine — it's at the refinery. Pick a mineral and compare mine production against refined and smelter output, country by country, for cobalt, copper, nickel, lithium, graphite, rare earths, manganese, antimony and tin, 1970–2024.

Why it matters

Small markets, outsized leverage

Strategic minerals are tiny markets compared with oil or iron ore, but everything downstream depends on them. Concentration in mining and, above all, refining makes them a lever of industrial and geopolitical power.

Who produces what — share of world mine production, 2024
Top producers per mineral; ribbon width = that country's share of the mineral's world production.
PRODUCER MINERAL China → Graphite: 73.9% of world production (2024) China → Copper: 8.0% of world production (2024) China → Antimony: 42.8% of world production (2024) China → Rare earths: 74.9% of world production (2024) China → Tin: 25.1% of world production (2024) Indonesia → Cobalt: 11.8% of world production (2024) Indonesia → Nickel: 61.0% of world production (2024) Indonesia → Tin: 16.9% of world production (2024) DR Congo → Cobalt: 74.6% of world production (2024) DR Congo → Copper: 13.8% of world production (2024) Australia → Manganese: 12.4% of world production (2024) Australia → Uranium: 8.8% of world production (2024) Australia → Lithium: 62.2% of world production (2024) Kazakhstan → Uranium: 37.3% of world production (2024) South Africa → Manganese: 36.9% of world production (2024) Chile → Copper: 24.0% of world production (2024) Chile → Lithium: 5.0% of world production (2024) Tajikistan → Antimony: 26.1% of world production (2024) Canada → Uranium: 25.5% of world production (2024) Brazil → Lithium: 14.9% of world production (2024) Brazil → Tin: 9.4% of world production (2024) Peru → Copper: 11.9% of world production (2024) Peru → Tin: 11.0% of world production (2024) Russia → Nickel: 7.0% of world production (2024) Russia → Antimony: 14.3% of world production (2024) Zimbabwe → Lithium: 13.5% of world production (2024) Gabon → Manganese: 13.3% of world production (2024) Myanmar → Rare earths: 12.3% of world production (2024) Namibia → Uranium: 11.7% of world production (2024) Ghana → Manganese: 9.4% of world production (2024) Philippines → Nickel: 9.3% of world production (2024) Madagascar → Graphite: 7.5% of world production (2024) USA → Rare earths: 7.5% of world production (2024) India → Graphite: 5.0% of world production (2024) Bolivia → Antimony: 4.6% of world production (2024) All other producers → Manganese: 28.0% of world production (2024) All other producers → Graphite: 13.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Cobalt: 13.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Nickel: 22.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Copper: 42.2% of world production (2024) All other producers → Antimony: 12.3% of world production (2024) All other producers → Rare earths: 5.4% of world production (2024) All other producers → Uranium: 16.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Lithium: 4.3% of world production (2024) All other producers → Tin: 37.6% of world production (2024) China Indonesia DR Congo Australia Kazakhstan South Africa Chile Tajikistan Canada Brazil Peru Russia Zimbabwe Gabon Myanmar Namibia Ghana Philippines Madagascar USA India Bolivia All others Manganese Graphite Cobalt Nickel Copper Antimony Rare earths Uranium Lithium Tin PRODUCER MINERAL China → Graphite: 73.9% of world production (2024) China → Copper: 8.0% of world production (2024) China → Antimony: 42.8% of world production (2024) China → Rare earths: 74.9% of world production (2024) China → Tin: 25.1% of world production (2024) Indonesia → Cobalt: 11.8% of world production (2024) Indonesia → Nickel: 61.0% of world production (2024) Indonesia → Tin: 16.9% of world production (2024) DR Congo → Cobalt: 74.6% of world production (2024) DR Congo → Copper: 13.8% of world production (2024) Australia → Manganese: 12.4% of world production (2024) Australia → Uranium: 8.8% of world production (2024) Australia → Lithium: 62.2% of world production (2024) Kazakhstan → Uranium: 37.3% of world production (2024) South Africa → Manganese: 36.9% of world production (2024) Chile → Copper: 24.0% of world production (2024) Chile → Lithium: 5.0% of world production (2024) Tajikistan → Antimony: 26.1% of world production (2024) Canada → Uranium: 25.5% of world production (2024) Brazil → Lithium: 14.9% of world production (2024) Brazil → Tin: 9.4% of world production (2024) Peru → Copper: 11.9% of world production (2024) Peru → Tin: 11.0% of world production (2024) Russia → Nickel: 7.0% of world production (2024) Russia → Antimony: 14.3% of world production (2024) Zimbabwe → Lithium: 13.5% of world production (2024) Gabon → Manganese: 13.3% of world production (2024) Myanmar → Rare earths: 12.3% of world production (2024) Namibia → Uranium: 11.7% of world production (2024) Ghana → Manganese: 9.4% of world production (2024) Philippines → Nickel: 9.3% of world production (2024) Madagascar → Graphite: 7.5% of world production (2024) USA → Rare earths: 7.5% of world production (2024) India → Graphite: 5.0% of world production (2024) Bolivia → Antimony: 4.6% of world production (2024) All other producers → Manganese: 28.0% of world production (2024) All other producers → Graphite: 13.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Cobalt: 13.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Nickel: 22.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Copper: 42.2% of world production (2024) All other producers → Antimony: 12.3% of world production (2024) All other producers → Rare earths: 5.4% of world production (2024) All other producers → Uranium: 16.7% of world production (2024) All other producers → Lithium: 4.3% of world production (2024) All other producers → Tin: 37.6% of world production (2024) China Indonesia DR Congo Australia Kazakhstan South Africa Chile Tajikistan Canada Brazil Peru Russia Zimbabwe Gabon Myanmar Namibia Ghana Philippines Madagascar USA India Bolivia All others Manganese Graphite Cobalt Nickel Copper Antimony Rare earths Uranium Lithium Tin
Source: BGS World Mineral Statistics, 2024 · Hover a ribbon for the exact share · Mineral names link to each dashboard
View the data behind this chart
MineralProducerShare of world mine production, 2024
ManganeseSouth Africa36.9%
Gabon13.3%
Australia12.4%
Ghana9.4%
All others28.0%
GraphiteChina73.9%
Madagascar7.5%
India5.0%
All others13.7%
CobaltDR Congo74.6%
Indonesia11.8%
All others13.7%
NickelIndonesia61.0%
Philippines9.3%
Russia7.0%
All others22.7%
CopperChile24.0%
DR Congo13.8%
Peru11.9%
China8.0%
All others42.2%
AntimonyChina42.8%
Tajikistan26.1%
Russia14.3%
Bolivia4.6%
All others12.3%
Rare earthsChina74.9%
Myanmar12.3%
USA7.5%
All others5.4%
UraniumKazakhstan37.3%
Canada25.5%
Namibia11.7%
Australia8.8%
All others16.7%
LithiumAustralia62.2%
Brazil14.9%
Zimbabwe13.5%
Chile5.0%
All others4.3%
TinChina25.1%
Indonesia16.9%
Peru11.0%
Brazil9.4%
All others37.6%

Demand growth

The IEA projects demand for key battery minerals to roughly double or more by 2040 in its base scenarios, driven by EVs, storage and grids.

>70%

Refining concentration

For several critical minerals, a single country refines the large majority of world supply — a tighter chokepoint than mining itself.

50+

Critical mineral lists

The US, EU, Japan and others each maintain official critical-mineral lists; export controls and tariffs increasingly follow them.

Data & methodology

Built on open, verifiable sources

Every dashboard cross-references primary open datasets. Figures are cited to their source and dated; estimates are flagged as such.

The data is open too. The open data catalogue lists every dataset behind the site — 110 BGS commodity series as JSON plus the curated dashboard data, all under CC BY-NC-SA — and the Mineral Explorer maps production, imports and exports for 111 commodities and 190 countries, 1970–2024.

Custom research

Need an ad hoc data-driven research report?

We produce bespoke, source-cited research on strategic minerals — supply-chain mapping, trade-flow analysis, country and commodity deep-dives — built on the same open, verifiable data behind this site.

Reach out at hello@mineral.watch
FAQ

Common questions

What is mineral.watch?

mineral.watch is an independent open data and intelligence portal on the global mineral, oil and gas, and green-transition industries. It cross-references verified data from USGS, BGS, UN Comtrade, the IEA, the EIA and OPEC to show who produces, refines, ships and depends on the materials and fuels behind batteries, magnets, chips, grids and defence systems — and publishes the underlying datasets openly.

Which minerals and industries does mineral.watch cover?

Ten mineral dashboards are live — graphite, rare earths, copper, uranium, lithium, manganese, cobalt, antimony, nickel and tin — alongside an Oil & Gas dashboard (chokepoints, flows, shut-ins, LNG, sanctions, prices and companies) and a Green transition dashboard on the clean-energy supply chain and the EU's green funds. The Mineral Explorer adds production and trade maps for 111 commodities from 1970 to 2024, with tungsten, gallium and germanium next in the pipeline.

Can I download the data behind mineral.watch?

Yes. The open data catalogue lists every dataset: 110 BGS World Mineral Statistics series (production, imports and exports by country, 1970–2024) as JSON files, plus the curated data behind each dashboard. Everything is licensed CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — cite mineral.watch and the original publisher.

What data sources does mineral.watch use?

Figures are cross-referenced from the USGS National Minerals Information Center, British Geological Survey World Mineral Statistics, UN Comtrade and IEA Critical Minerals data, cited and dated on each page.

Is mineral.watch affiliated with any government or company?

No. mineral.watch is an independent project and holds no commercial position in the minerals, fuels or companies it covers.

Can I commission mineral.watch to produce a report?

Yes — the public dashboards are a sample of what we do. We take commissions for bespoke, source-cited work: supply-chain mapping from mine to refinery to end use, trade-flow and import-dependency analysis, country and commodity deep-dives, custom datasets and interactive dashboards like the ones on this site, and ongoing monitoring briefs for teams in policy, finance, industry and media. We also produce full written reports — charts, maps and citations included — ready for internal circulation or publication. Every deliverable is built on the same verified USGS, BGS, UN Comtrade and IEA data. Email hello@mineral.watch with a short note on the problem you're trying to solve and we'll come back with a scoped proposal.

About

Introduce yourself and subscribe for updates

mineral.watch is an independent data hub, and it grows with the people who use it. Introduce yourself and we'll let you know when new dashboards, datasets and research go live — no noise, just what's new.

Telling us your sector and organisation helps too: it shows us who relies on this data — analysts, policymakers, journalists, researchers — and shapes what we build next, from new minerals to custom research.

Prefer to talk directly? Corrections, data tips and collaboration ideas are always welcome.

Reach out to us

We'll only use your details to send you mineral.watch updates. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.