Where it's mined vs where it's refined

Data: British Geological Survey, World Mineral Statistics. Mine-stage figures for cobalt, copper and nickel are metal content; refined/smelter-stage figures are gross tonnes — compare shares across the two layers, not absolute volumes. Refined output can also draw on stocks, scrap and intermediate imports, so world totals differ between stages. Circle position is each country's geographic centroid, not a mine or plant location.